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The Gnawing
There is a great pole somewhere, a mighty trunk similar to the
sacred sun
dance pole, only much, much
bigger.
This pole is what holds up the
Earth.
The Great White Grandfather Beaver of the North is
gnawing at that pole.
He has been gnawing at the bottom of it for
ages and ages.
More than half of the
pole has already been gnawed through.
When the
The Great White Grandfather Beaver of the North
gets angry, He gnaws faster and more furiously.
Once He has gnawed all the
way through, the pole will topple,
and the Earth will crash into a
bottomless nothing.
That will be the end of
all humans, of
everything.
The end of all ends.
So we are careful not to
make The Great
White Grandfather Beaver of the North angry.
That's why the
Cheyenne never eat beaver flesh, or
even touch a beaver skin.
We want the Earth to last a little longer.
-told by the wife
of Medicine BullPushing up
the sky Endeavor to
persevere How can you buy or sell the
sky? 0 our Mother the Earth, 0 our
Father the Sky
The axis mundi offers means of travel and
correspondence between the two realms of Heaven and Earth.
The axis mundi is also the place where the
four compass directions unite, allowing treasure from
Heaven to be disseminated throughout the
world.
This places the axis mundi at the
center of the world: at its omphalos (navel),
the world's point of beginning.
The axis mundi
appears in all cultures and takes many
forms.
The axis
mundi's symbolic
image is both feminine (an umbilical providing
nourishment) and masculine (a phallus providing insemination into a uterus).
The axis mundi
may have the form of a natural object (a
mountain, a tree, a vine, a stalk, a
column of smoke or fire) or a product of
human manufacture (a staff, a tower, a
ladder, a staircase, a maypole, a cross, a steeple, a rope, a totem pole, a
pillar, a spire).
The axis
mundi's proximity to Heaven may
carry implications that are chiefly religious (pagoda, temple mount, church) or
secular (obelisk, minaret, lighthouse, rocket, skyscraper).
The axis mundi
exists in the
Hindu linga, or lingam, and is featured
prominently in the most technologically advanced cultures - wherever the impulse persists to
link a tower with the idea of a "world center."
A person
naturally thinks of their own home and land as "the
center of the world" because it is the
center of one's known
universe.
Japan's highest mountain, Mount Fuji, has long
symbolized the the axis mundi in Japanese
culture.
Mount Kun-Lun is
the axis mundi in China.
The ancient Chinese recognized four mountains as pillars holding up the
heavens. (Cultures sometimes had more than one
axis mundi. In the ancient Chinese case the
pillars resided at the compass points.)
In American
Sioux beliefs the
Black Hills are the axis mundi.
Mount Kailash is
holy as the axis mundi to
several religions in Tibet.
In ancient Mesopotamia the cultures of
ancient Sumer and
Babylon erected artificial
mountains, or ziggurats, on the flat river plain with stairways leading to
temples, the axis mundi,
at the top.
The pre-Columbian residents of Teotihuacán in Mexico
erected huge pyramids featuring stairways leading to temples at the top -
stairways to heaven.
The ancient Greeks regarded several sites as
places of earth's omphalos (navel) stone, notably the oracle at Delphi, while
still maintaining a belief in a cosmic
world tree and in Mount Olympus as the
abode of the gods.
Judaism has Mount Sinai and Mount Zion as
axis
mundi.
Christianity has the Mount of Olives and Calvary as
axis mundi.
Islam
has the Temple Mount (Dome of the Rock) and Mecca, said to be the place on
Earth that was created first.
All sacred places
constitute reality centers (omphalos) with the
altar or place of prayer as the the
axis mundi.
Altars, incense sticks, candles and torches help
form the axis mundi by
sending a column of smoke, and prayer, toward heaven.
The architecture
of sacred places often reflects this role.
The stupa of
Hinduism, and later
Buddhism, reflects Mount Meru.
Cathedrals are laid out in the form of a cross, with the vertical bar
representing the union of Heaven and
Earth as the horizontal bars represent union
of people to one another, with the altar at the intersection.
Pagoda
structures in Asian temples take the form of a stairway linking
Heaven and Earth.
A steeple in a church or a minaret
in a mosque also serve as connections of
Heaven and Earth.
Structures such as the maypole,
derived from the Saxons' Irminsul, and the totem pole among indigenous peoples
of the Americas also represent
the axis mundi.
The calumet, or sacred pipe, represents a column of smoke (the
soul) rising form an the axis mundi.
An
oak tree can serve as the axis mundi.
The
oak tree provides an axis mundi that unites three
planes: its branches reach for the Heavens,
its trunk meets the Earth, and it roots reach
down into the underworld.
In some
Pacific island cultures the banyan
tree, of which the Bodhi
Tree is of the Sacred Fig variety, is the
abode of ancestor spirits.
The Bodhi Tree is also the name given to the
tree under which
Gautama Siddhartha, the historical
Buddha, sat on the night he attained enlightenment.
The Yggdrasil, or
World Ash, functions in much the same way in Norse mythology; it is the site
where Odin found enlightenment.
Other examples
include Jievaras in Lithuanian mythology and
Thor's Oak in the
myths of the pre-Christian Germanic peoples.
The Tree of Life
and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
in Genesis present two aspects of the same image.
Each is said to stand at the
center of the Garden of Paradise from
which four rivers flow to nourish the whole world.
Each tree confers a boon.
The Christmas tree, which can be traced in its origins
back to pre-Christian European beliefs,
represents an axis mundi.
Entheogens (psychoactive substances) are
often regarded as world axes, such as the Fly Agaric mushroom among the Evenks
of Russia.
The human form can function as a world axis - an
axis mundi.
Some
of the more abstract Tree of Life
representations, such as the Sefirot in Kabbalism and in the Chakra system
recognized by Hinduism and
Buddhism, merge with the
concept of the human body as an
axis mundi between
Heaven and Earth.
Disciplines such as Yoga and Tai
Chi begin from the premise of the human body as axis mundi.
Astrology in all
its forms assumes a connection between human
health and affairs and the orientation of heavenly bodies.
World religions
regard the body itself as a temple and prayer as an axis mundi uniting
Heaven and Earth.
The Renaissance
image known as the Vitruvian Man represented a
symbolic and mathematical exploration of the
human form as axis mundi.
Dwellings also serve as centers of reality - the axis mundi of
family life.
The hearth participates in the symbolism of the altar and a central
garden partipates in the
symbolism of
a primordial garden paradise..
In Asian cultures dwellings were
traditionally laid out in the form of a square oriented toward the four compass
directions - east, west, north and south.
A traditional Asian home was
oriented toward the heavens through Feng
shui, a system of geomancy, just as a palace would be.
Traditional Arab
houses are also laid out as a square surrounding a central fountain that evokes
a primordial garden paradise.
A common shamanic
concept, and a universally told
story, is that of the healer traversing
the axis mundi to bring
back sacred
mystical knowledge from the
heavens.
This
concept may be seen in the
stories from Odin and the World Ash
Tree, Garden of Eden,
Jacob's Ladder, The Gnawing, Jack and the
Beanstalk and Rapunzel.
It is the
essence of the
journey described in The Divine
Comedy by Dante Alighieri.
The epic poem relates its hero's descent and
ascent through a series of spiral structures that take him from through the
core of the Earth, from the depths of
Hell to celestial
Paradise.
Anyone or anything
suspended on the axis
mundi between Heaven and
Earth becomes a repository of
sacred mystical knowledge.
A special status accrues
to the thing suspended: a serpent, a victim of
crucifixion or hanging, a rod, a fruit, mistletoe. (In pre-biblical times
serpents acted as guardians of, or guides
to, sacred
mystical knowledge. The caduceus, a short herald's
staff entwined by two serpents in the form of a double helix, is used as a
symbol for medicine in North America. The traditional medical symbol, the rod
of Asclepius, has only a single snake.)
Indra
Akhenaten
Revelation
God's
Promise
Power of Imagination
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