stacks



gastrointestinal system

chronic liver disease

kidney fibrosis

nausea

colitis

Crohn's


Anti-inflammatory cannabinoids in diet

Anandamide and 2-AG have been shown to inhibit the inflammatory processes triggered upon activation of the toll-like receptor complex CD14/TLR4/MD2 (i.e., LPS and carrageenan stimulation).10

The same effect has also been reported for other CB2 receptor agonists like JWH133,12 HU-308,13 and N-alkylamides.14


10. Reduction of human monocytic cell neurotoxicity and cytokine secretion by ligands of the cannabinoid-type CB2 receptor

14. Alkylamides from Echinacea are a new class of cannabinomimetics

Endogenous cannabinoid system protects against colonic inflammation

Conclusion: The endogenous cannabinoid system is physiologically involved in the protection against excessive inflammation in the colon, both by dampening smooth muscular irritation caused by inflammation and by controlling cellular pathways leading to inflammatory responses. These results strongly suggest that modulation of the physiological activity of the endogenous cannabinoid system during colonic inflammation might be a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of several diseases characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Cannabinoids in intestinal inflammation and cancer.

Conclusion: Pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels may be a promising strategy to counteract intestinal inflammation and colon cancer.

Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

The two forms of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have rapidly increased in the past years in Western countries ranging at a prevalence of more than 200 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

Differential Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors in the Human Colon: Cannabinoids Promote Epithelial Wound Healing

Initially, restitution is achieved by epithelial dedifferentiation and migration, followed by proliferation, and, finally, differentiation and maturation. LPA has been shown to enhance intestinal epithelial wound healing through increased epithelial cell migration.




gastric cancer

Effect of a synthetic cannabinoid agonist on the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion: Cannabinoids as a new gastric cancer therapy.

Pharmacological synergism between cannabinoids and paclitaxel in gastric cancer cell lines

Conclusion: Cannabinoids as a good palliative agent for cancer patients receiving paclitaxel.

Cannabidiol promotes apoptosis via regulation of XIAP/Smac in gastric cancer

Conclusion: Our study showed that CBD induces apoptotic cell death in gastric cancer cells, which is triggered by ER stress generation and subsequent XIAP inhibition by Smac (Fig. 7). Taken together, our results suggest the potential of CBD in novel treatments against gastric cancer.

Cannabidiol Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SGC-7901 Cells

To study the effect of CBD on gastric cancer in vitro, we treated the gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells with different concentrations of CBD for 24 and 48 h. These results indicated that CBD could effectively induce cell cycle arrest at the G0–G1 phase by inhibiting CDK2 and cyclin E expression. We found that as the concentration of CBD increased, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the SGC-7901 population increased (Figure 4b,c). These results indicated that CBD effectively induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells.

chronic liver disease

The role of the endocannabinoid system in liver diseases

Conclusion: The EC system is strongly up-regulated during chronic liver diseases. Until now it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease associated with obesity, alcohol abuse, and hepatitis C, in the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis, and in the development of portal hypertension, hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome and its complications, and cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, the EC system can participate in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury by modulating the mechanisms responsible for cell injury and inflammatory response. Thus, targeting the CB1 and CB2 receptors represents a potential therapeutic goal for the treatment of liver diseases.

Cannabinoid receptors as new targets of antifibrosing strategies during chronic liver diseases

Conclusion: Endocannabinoid-based therapies, combining CB2 agonists and CB1 antagonists may open novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.

The endocannabinoid system as a key mediator during liver diseases

Conclusion: CB1 receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several lesions such as liver fibrogenesis, alcoholic and metabolic steatosis, or circulatory failure associated with cirrhosis. In contrast, stimulation of hepatic CB2 receptors is emerging as an overall protective pathway with antifibrogenic properties and beneficial effects on liver inflammation, alcoholic fatty liver and hepatocyte survival and regeneration.

Beneficial paracrine effects of cannabinoid receptor 2 on liver injury and regeneration

Conclusion: CB2 receptors reduce liver injury and promote liver regeneration following acute insult, via distinct paracrine mechanisms involving hepatic myofibroblasts.

CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonism: a new strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis

Conclusion: Our study shows that CB1 receptor antagonists hold promise for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Cannabidiol protects liver from binge alcohol-induced steatosis

Conclusion: CBD can alleviate lipid accumulation in both an in vitro HepG2 cell model and an in vivo binge alcohol treatment model by multiple mechanisms.

Cannabinoid CB2 receptors protect against alcoholic liver disease by regulating Kupffer cell polarization

Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that CB2 receptors display beneficial effects on alcohol-induced inflammation by regulating M1/M2 balance in Kupffer cells, thereby reducing hepatocyte steatosis via paracrine interactions between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.

Two non-psychoactive cannabinoids reduce intra-cellular lipid levels and inhibit hepatosteatosis

Conclusion: Our results suggest that THCV and CBD might be used as new therapeutic agents for the pharmacological treatment of obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related NAFLD/hepatosteatosis

Anti-tumoral action of cannabinoids on hepatocellular carcinoma: role of AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy

Results:
Δ9-THC- and JWH-015-induced autophagy and apoptosis relies on CB2 receptor activation
Δ9-THC and JWH-015 inhibit the growth of the human HCC lines HepG2 and HuH-7 via autophagy stimulation
AMPK activation and TRB3 upregulation involved Δ9-THC- and JWH-015-induced autophagy and apoptosis of HCC cells
AMPK and TRB3 regulate cannabinoid-induced autophagy of HCC cells through different mechanisms
Activation of AMPK by cannabinoids relies on CAMKK


nausea

Cannabinoids suppress acute and anticipatory nausea

Conclusion: Cannabinoids have great promise as treatments for nausea and that their anti-nausea effects may be mediated by the interoceptive insular cortex.

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids

Conclusion: This model may be a useful tool for elucidating the neurobiology of nausea and the role that the endocannabinoid system plays in the regulation of this distressing condition.

Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids

Conclusion: Future efforts aimed at developing new endocannabinoid-based anti-nausea and anti-emetic therapies are clearly warranted.


kidney fibrosis

Expression of cannabinoid receptors in human kidney

Conclusion: Our data suggest a possible implication of the endocannabinoid system in the physiology and development of the human kidney.

Cannabinoid receptor 1 is a major mediator of renal fibrosis

Conclusion: CB1 has a major role in the activation of myofibroblasts and may be a new target for treating chronic kidney disease.

Cannabinoid-2 receptor activation ameliorates hepatorenal syndrome


colitis

Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of the marijuana plant Cannabis sativa, is protective in a murine model of colitis

Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic ingredient of marijuana, exerts pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidant) and mechanisms (e.g., inhibition of endocannabinoids enzymatic degradation) potentially beneficial for the inflamed gut.


Crohn's

Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease

Conclusion: A short course (8 weeks) of THC-rich cannabis produced significant clinical, steroid-free benefits to 10 of 11 patients with active Crohn's disease, compared with placebo, without side effects.

Treatment of Crohn's Disease with Cannabis


diabetes

The Expanded Endocannabinoid System/Endocannabinoidome as a Potential Target for Treating Diabetes Mellitus

As with the eCB system, many eCBome members regulate several physiological processes, including energy intake and storage, glucose and lipid metabolism and pancreatic health, which contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Preclinical studies increasingly support the notion that targeting the eCBome may beneficially affect T2D. The eCBome is implicated in T2D at several levels and in a variety of tissues, making this complex lipid signaling system a potential source of many potential therapeutics for the treatments for T2D.

Activation of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System in Human Obesity

Activation of CB-1 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract may also be relevant for the pathogenesis of obesity. The response of circulating ghrelin to fasting was diminished with rimonabant, suggesting that CB-1 receptors are involved in ghrelin secretion





unique library index

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