gastrointestinal system
Anandamide and 2-AG have
been shown to inhibit the inflammatory processes triggered upon activation of
the toll-like receptor complex CD14/TLR4/MD2 (i.e., LPS and carrageenan
stimulation).10
The same effect has also been reported for
other CB2 receptor agonists like JWH133,12 HU-308,13 and
N-alkylamides.14
10.
Reduction of
human monocytic cell neurotoxicity and cytokine secretion by ligands of the
cannabinoid-type CB2 receptor
14.
Alkylamides from Echinacea
are a new class of cannabinomimetics
Conclusion: The endogenous cannabinoid
system is physiologically involved in the protection against excessive
inflammation in the colon, both by dampening smooth muscular irritation caused
by inflammation and by controlling cellular pathways leading to inflammatory
responses. These results strongly suggest that modulation of the physiological
activity of the endogenous cannabinoid system during colonic inflammation might
be a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of several diseases
characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Conclusion: Pharmacological elevation of
endocannabinoid levels may be a promising strategy to counteract intestinal
inflammation and colon
cancer.
The two forms of IBD,
ulcerative
colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have rapidly increased in the past
years in Western countries ranging at a prevalence of more than 200 cases per
100,000 inhabitants.
Initially, restitution is achieved by
epithelial dedifferentiation and migration, followed by proliferation, and,
finally, differentiation and
maturation. LPA has been shown to enhance intestinal epithelial wound
healing through increased epithelial cell migration.
gastric cancer
Conclusion: Cannabinoids as a new gastric
cancer therapy.
Conclusion: Cannabinoids as a good
palliative agent for cancer patients receiving paclitaxel.
Conclusion: Our study showed that CBD
induces apoptotic cell death in gastric cancer cells, which is triggered by ER
stress generation and subsequent XIAP inhibition by Smac (Fig. 7). Taken
together, our results suggest the potential of CBD in novel treatments against
gastric cancer.
To study the effect of CBD on gastric cancer
in vitro, we treated the gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells with different
concentrations of CBD for 24 and 48 h. These results indicated that CBD could
effectively induce cell cycle arrest at the G0G1 phase by inhibiting CDK2
and cyclin E expression. We found that as the concentration of CBD increased,
the percentage of apoptotic cells in the SGC-7901 population increased (Figure
4b,c). These results indicated that CBD effectively induced apoptosis in
SGC-7901 cells.
chronic liver disease
Conclusion: The EC system is strongly
up-regulated during chronic liver diseases. Until now it has been implicated in
the pathogenesis of fatty liver
disease associated with
obesity,
alcohol abuse, and
hepatitis C,
in the progression of fibrosis to cirrhosis, and in the development of portal
hypertension, hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome and its complications, and
cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, the EC system can participate in the
pathogenesis of acute liver injury by modulating the mechanisms responsible for
cell injury and inflammatory response. Thus, targeting the CB1 and CB2
receptors represents a potential therapeutic goal for the treatment of liver
diseases.
Conclusion: Endocannabinoid-based therapies,
combining CB2 agonists and CB1 antagonists may open novel therapeutic
perspectives for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
Conclusion: CB1 receptors have been
implicated in the pathogenesis of several lesions such as liver fibrogenesis,
alcoholic and metabolic steatosis, or circulatory failure associated with
cirrhosis. In contrast, stimulation of hepatic CB2 receptors is emerging as an
overall protective pathway with antifibrogenic properties and beneficial
effects on liver inflammation, alcoholic fatty liver and hepatocyte survival
and regeneration.
Conclusion: CB2 receptors reduce liver
injury and promote liver regeneration following acute insult, via distinct
paracrine mechanisms involving hepatic myofibroblasts.
Conclusion: Our study shows that CB1
receptor antagonists hold promise for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Conclusion: CBD can alleviate lipid
accumulation in both an in vitro HepG2 cell model and an in vivo binge alcohol
treatment model by multiple mechanisms.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that
CB2 receptors display beneficial effects on alcohol-induced inflammation by
regulating M1/M2 balance in Kupffer cells, thereby reducing hepatocyte
steatosis via paracrine interactions between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that THCV
and CBD might be used as new therapeutic agents for the pharmacological
treatment of obesity- and metabolic syndrome-related NAFLD/hepatosteatosis
Results: Δ9-THC- and
JWH-015-induced autophagy and apoptosis relies on CB2 receptor
activation Δ9-THC and JWH-015 inhibit the growth of the
human HCC lines HepG2 and HuH-7 via autophagy stimulation AMPK activation
and TRB3 upregulation involved Δ9-THC- and JWH-015-induced
autophagy and apoptosis of HCC cells AMPK and TRB3 regulate
cannabinoid-induced autophagy of HCC cells through different
mechanisms Activation of AMPK by cannabinoids relies on CAMKK
nausea
Conclusion: Cannabinoids have great promise
as treatments for nausea and that their anti-nausea effects may be mediated by
the interoceptive insular cortex.
Conclusion: This model may be a useful tool
for elucidating the neurobiology of nausea and the role that the
endocannabinoid system plays in the regulation of this distressing
condition.
Conclusion: Future efforts aimed at
developing new endocannabinoid-based anti-nausea and anti-emetic therapies are
clearly warranted.
kidney
fibrosis
Conclusion: Our data suggest
a possible implication of
the endocannabinoid system in the physiology and development of the human
kidney.
Conclusion: CB1 has a major role in the
activation of myofibroblasts and may be a new target for treating
chronic kidney
disease.
Cannabidiol, a safe and non-psychotropic
ingredient of marijuana, exerts pharmacological effects (e.g., antioxidant) and
mechanisms (e.g., inhibition of endocannabinoids enzymatic degradation)
potentially beneficial for the inflamed gut.
Crohn's
Conclusion: A short course (8 weeks) of
THC-rich cannabis produced significant clinical, steroid-free benefits to 10 of
11 patients with active Crohn's disease, compared with
placebo, without side
effects.
As with the eCB system, many eCBome members
regulate several physiological processes, including energy intake and storage,
glucose and lipid
metabolism and pancreatic health, which contribute to the development of
type 2 diabetes (T2D). Preclinical studies increasingly support the notion that
targeting the eCBome may beneficially affect T2D. The eCBome is implicated in
T2D at several levels and in a variety of tissues, making this complex lipid
signaling system a potential source of many potential therapeutics for the
treatments for T2D.
Activation of CB-1 receptors in the
gastrointestinal tract may also be relevant for the pathogenesis of obesity.
The response of circulating ghrelin to fasting was diminished with rimonabant,
suggesting that CB-1 receptors are involved in ghrelin secretion |