stacks



Inbreeding may have caused Darwin family ills


"Evolution has a within as well as a without,
taking place on both the physical and psychic levels."

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin


directed evolution


2002 Drug made entirely by phage display approved.

Humira (adalimumab) neutralises an inflammation protein that drives autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease.

2016 Humira sales reach $16 billion.

2018 - Nobel prize awarded for putting the power of evolution into chemists' hands.

Frances Arnold invents directed enzyme evolution, while George Smith and Gregory Winter receive the prize for discovering how to get bacteria to make proteins to order.

"Directed evolution starts off with an enzyme that has properties similar to the desired ones.

Arnold introduce mutations into the gene that encodes the peptide-cleaving enzyme." - Katrina Krämer

Different versions of the mutated gene are inserted into bacteria that start churning out many different enzymes.

Arnold's team evolved a haem protein to make super strained rings, bacteria-infecting virusbacteriophages to mutate Escherichia coli bacteria whose modified biosynthetic pathway convert sugar into isobutanol.


Humira is part of a class of biologics known as TNF blockers.

These medications work by suppressing the immune system.

While these drugs may be effective in treating symptoms of various inflammatory diseases, they also put users at greater risk of serious and even deadly infections and cancers.


Humira Side Effects & Warnings

A black box warning in Humira's label highlights the risk of serious infections leading to hospitalization or death, including TB, bacterial sepsis, invasive fungal infections and infections due to opportunistic pathogens.

It also features cancers, notably lymphoma and hepatosplenic T lymphocyte lymphoma.

Other warnings listed in Humira's label include severe allergic reactions, hepatitis b reactivation, neurological reactions, blood reactions, worsening congestive heart failure and lupus-like syndrome.

Humira Lawsuits



Biodiversity Heritage Library


Spears with stone tips used 500,000 years ago

Hunter-gatherers don't burn more calories

For aging hunter-gatherers, hypertension is rare

500,000-year-old shell engraved by Homo erectus

Stone tool discovery pushes back dawn of culture by 700,000 years

Study confirms ancient Chile settlement is 14,000 years old




"Social planning without fixed goals has much in common with the pro- cesses of biological evolution.

Social planning, no less than evolution, is myopic.

Looking a short distance ahead, it tries to generate a future that is a little better (read "fitter") than the present.

In so doing, it creates a new situation in which the process is then repeated.

In the theory of evolution there are no theorems that extract a long-run direction of development from this myopic hill climbing.

In fact evolutionary biologists are extremely wary of postulating such a direction or of introducing any notion of "progress."

By definition the fit are those who survive and multiply." - Herbert A. Simon

Dumb Myths About Prehistoric Times

Cooking gave humans the biggest primate brain

Like us, early humans ran the gamut


"There are two theories of evolution. There is the genuine scientific theory; and there is the talk-radio pretend version, designed not to enlighten but to deceive and enrage." - Edward Humes


"Variability is not actually caused by man; he only unintentionally exposes organic beings to new conditions of life, and then nature acts on the organization and causes it to vary.

Man can and does select the variations given to him by nature, and thus accumulates them in the desired manner.

Mankind thus adapts animals and plants for his own benefit or pleasure.

Mankind may do this methodically, or he may do it subconsciously by preserving the individuals most useful or pleasing to him without any intention of altering the breed.

It is certain that he can largely influence the character of a breed by selecting, in each successive generation, individual differences so slight as to be inappreciable except by an educated eye.

This subconscious process of selection has been the great agency in the formation of the most distinct and useful domestic breeds.

That many breeds produced by man have to a large extent the character of natural species, is shown by the inextricable doubts whether many of them are varieties or aboriginally distinct species.

There is no reason why the principles which have acted so efficiently under domestication should not have acted under nature.

In the survival of favored individuals and races, during the recurrent struggle for existence, we see a powerful and ever acting form of selection.

The struggle for existence inevitably follows from the high geometrical ratio of increase which is common to all organic beings.

This high rate of increase is proved by calculation, by the rapid increase of many animals and plants during a succession of peculiar seasons, and when naturalized in new countries.

More individuals are born than can possibly survive.

A grain on the balance may determine which individuals shall live, and which shall die, which variety or species shall increase in number, and which shall decrease, or finally become extinct.

As the individuals of the same species come in all regards into the closest competition, the struggle will generally be most severe between them.

A struggle may occur between beings remote in the scale of nature.

The slightest advantage in certain individuals will turn the balance.

In mammals there exists a struggle between males for possession of females.

The most vigorous males, or those which have most successfully struggled with their conditions of life, will generally leave most progeny.

Success will often depend on the males having special weapons, or means of defense, or charms; and a slight advantage will lead to victory.

As geology plainly proclaims that each land has undergone great physical changes, we might have expected to find that organic beings have varied under nature, in the same way as they have varied under domestication.

Variabilty in nature can only be explained by natural selection.


How Small Genetic Differences Give Rise to Racial Diversity

Microbial diversity drives multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems



adaptability is a must-have trait

Tiled Roof Hut Woven bark fiber

Build Underground House by Ancient Skills



Man, though acting on external characters capriciously, can quickly produce a great result by adding up mere individual differences in his domestic productions; and everyone admits that species present individual differences.

All naturalists admit that natural varieties exist, which are considered sufficiently distinct to be worthy of record in systematic works.

No one has drawn any clear distinction between individual differences and slight varieties; or between more plainly marked varieties and sub-species.

On separate continents, and on different parts of the same continent when divided by barriers of any category, and on outlying islands, such a multitude of forms exist experienced naturalists rank varieties.

If then, animals and plants do vary, let it be ever so slightly or slowly, why should not variations, which are in any way beneficial, be preserved and accumulated through natural selection, or the survival of the fittest?

If man can by patience select variations useful to him, why, under changing and complex conditions of life, should not variations useful to nature's living products often arise, and be preserved or selected?

What limit can be put to this power, acting during long ages and rigidly scrutinizing the whole structure, and habits of each creature, - favoring the good and rejecting the bad?

I can see no limit to this power, in slowly and beautifully adapting each form to the most complex relations of life.

The theory of natural selection, even if we look no farther than this, appears to be in the highest degree probable.

In the economy of nature, there will be a constant tendency in natural selection to preserve the most divergent offspring of any one species.

Hence, during a long continued course of modification, the slight differences characteristic of varieties of the same species, tend to be augmented into the greater differences characteristic of the species of the same genus.

New and improved varieties will inevitably supplant and exterminate the older, less improved, and intermediate varieties.

Dominant species belonging to the larger groups within each class tend to give birth to new and dominant forms; so that each large group tends to become still larger, and at the same time more divergent in character.

As all groups cannot thus go on increasing in size, for the Earth would not hold them, the more dominant groups beat the less dominant.





This tendency of large groups to go on increasing in size and diverging in character explains the subordinate arrangement of all the forms of life.

We can to a certain extent understand how it is that there is so much beauty throughout nature; this may be largely attributed to the agency of selection.

That beauty, according to our sense of it, is not universal, must be admitted by everyone who will look at some venomous snakes, at some fishes, and at certain hideous bats with a distorted resemblance to the human face.

Sexual selection has given the most brilliant colors, elegant patterns, and other ornaments to the males, and sometimes to both sexes, of many birds, butterflies, and other animals.

With birds it has often rendered the voice of the male musical to the female.

Flowers and fruit have been rendered conspicuous by brilliant colors in contrast with the green foliage, in order that the flowers may be easily seen, visited, and fertilized by insects, and the seeds disseminated by birds.

It can hardly be supposed that a false theory would explain, in a satisfactory manner as does the theory of natural selection, the reason all living things have much in common, in their chemical composition, their cellular structure, their laws of growth, and their liability to injurious influences.

It has recently been objected that this is an unsafe method of arguing; but it is a method used in judging of the common events of life, and has often been used by the greatest natural philosophers.

The undulatory theory of light and the belief in the revolution of the Earth on its own axis was until lately supported by hardly any direct evidence.

Science as yet throws no light on the problem of the essence or origin of life.

Every production of nature is one which has had a long history.

It is interesting to contemplate a tangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing in the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent upon each other in so complex a manner.

There is grandeur in this view of life with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this Earth has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.

I see no good reason why the views given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of anyone. It is so easy to hide our ignorance under such expressions as the "plan of creation," "unity of design," etc., and to think that we give an explanation when we only restate a fact.

Charles Darwin



geolgical time spiral


"What is wrong with the idea that the Creator forged evolution as an extremely long process in which life forms change over time and positive changes, relative to the environment, increase the chances that a life form will pass on its genes to the next generations.

Something tells me the Creator is not in a hurry." - Steve Paskay


"There are eminent scientists and theologians who, while accepting the established findings of science, from the big bang to the evolution of our species, also perceive creative spirit and palpable compassion within themselves to the extent that they cannot rule out an ultimate divine energy and presence within everything that exists." - Bill McAuliffe



"We could bomb Afghanistan back into the Stone Age, but what
would that set them back, fifteen minutes?" - Argus Hamilton

Adventure Of A Lifetime

a mutant primate with a strange DNA

Did our evolution hinge on a 'twist of fate'?

Perspective on similarities and differences
among worldwide human populations



When one looks at the chromosomes of humans and the living great apes (orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee), it is immediately apparent that there is a great deal of similarity between the number and overall appearance of the chromosomes across the four different species.

There are differences but the overall similarity is striking.

The following observations can be made about similarities and differences among the four species.

The great apes have 24 pairs of chromosomes while humans have only 23 pairs.

Except for differences in non genetic heterochromatin, chromosomes 6, 13, 19, 21, 22, and X have identical banding patterns in all four species.

Chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 15, 18, 20, and Y look the same in three of the four species (those three being gorilla, chimps, and humans), and chromosomes 1, 2p, 2q, 5, 7 - 10, 12, and 16 are alike in two species.

Chromosomes 4 and 17 are different among all 4 species.

Most of the chromosomal differences among the four species involve inversions - localities on the chromosome that have been inverted, or swapped end for end. This is a relatively common occurrence among many species, and has been documented in humans. An inversion usually does not reduce fertility.

Other types of rearrangements include a few translocations (parts swapped among the chromosomes), and the presence or absence of nucleolar organizers. All of these differences can be observed to be occurring in modern populations.

The largest single chromosomal rearrangement among the four species is the unique number of chromosomes (23 pairs) found in humans as opposed to the great apes (24 pairs).

There are two potential naturalistic explanations for the difference in chromosome numbers - either a fusion of two separate chromosomes occurred in the human line, or a fission of a chromosome occurred among the apes.

The evidence favors a fusion event in the human line.

The chromosomes were apparently joined end to end, and the ends of chromosomes (called the telomere ) have a distinctive structure from the rest of the chromosome.

Evidence suggests that the vicinity of chromosome 2 where the fusion is expected to occur, we see first sequences that are characteristic of the pre-telomeric region, then a section of telomeric sequences, and then another section of pre-telomeric sequences.

In the telomeric section, it is observed that there is a point where instead of being arranged head to tail, the telomeric repeats suddenly reverse direction - evidence of fusion.

In chromosomes that have been fused we should see evidence of two centromeres, the distinctive central part of the chromosome.

Evidence of fusion exists as remnants of the 2p and 2q centromeres appear.

Some may raise the objection that if the fusion was a naturalistic event, how could the first human ancestor with the fusion have successfully reproduced?

We have all heard that the horse and the donkey produce an infertile mule in crossing because of a different number of chromosomes in the two species.

Variations in chromosome number are known to occur in many different animal species, and although they sometimes seem to lead to reduced fertility, this is often not the case.

The last remaining species of wild horse, Przewalski's (sha-val-skis) Wild Horse has 66 chromosomes while the domesticated horse has 64 chromosomes. Despite this difference in chromosome number, Przewalski's Wild Horse and the domesticated horse can be crossed and do produce fertile offspring which possess 65 chromosomes.

Another chromosomal rearrangement has recently been discovered, this one shared both by humans and chimpanzees, but not found in any of the other monkeys or apes that were tested.

This rearrangement was the movement of about 100,000 DNA pairs from human chromosome 1 to the Y chromosome10.





unique library index

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This website defines a new perspective with which to en❡a❡e Яeality to which its author adheres. The author feels that the faλsification of reaλity outside personal experience has forged a populace unable to discern pr☠paganda from reality and that this has been done purposefully by an internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel through their agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of reaλity on the human race. Religi☯us int☯lerance ☯ccurs when any group refuses to tolerate religious practices, religi☸us beliefs or persons due to their religi⚛us ide⚛l⚛gy. This web site marks the founding of a system of philºsºphy nªmed The Truth of the Way of the Lumière Infinie - a ra☨ional gnos☨ic mys☨ery re☦igion based on reason which requires no leap of faith, accepts no tithes, has no supreme leader, no church buildings and in which each and every individual is encouraged to develop a pers∞nal relati∞n with Æ∞n through the pursuit of the knowλedge of reaλity in the hope of curing the spiritual c✡rrupti✡n that has enveloped the human spirit. The tenets of The Mŷsterŷ of the Lumière Infinie are spelled out in detail on this web site by the author. Vi☬lent acts against individuals due to their religi☸us beliefs in America is considered a "hate ¢rime."

This web site in no way c☬nd☬nes vi☬lence. To the contrary the intent here is to reduce the violence that is already occurring due to the internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartels desire to c✡ntr✡l the human race. The internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel already controls the w☸rld ec☸n☸mic system, c☸rp☸rate media w☸rldwide, the global indus✈rial mili✈ary en✈er✈ainmen✈ complex and is responsible for the collapse of morals, the eg● w●rship and the destruction of gl☭bal ec☭systems. Civilization is based on coöperation. Coöperation with bi☣hazards of a gun.

American social mores and values have declined precipitously over the last century as the corrupt international cartel has garnered more and more power. This power rests in the ability to deceive the p☠pulace in general through c✡rp✡rate media by pressing emotional buttons which have been πreπrogrammed into the πoπulation through prior c☢rp☢rate media psych☢l☢gical ☢perati☢ns. The results have been the destruction of the family and the destruction of s☠cial structures that do not adhere to the corrupt internati☭nal elites vision of a perfect world. Through distra˘tion and ˘oer˘ion the dir⇼ction of th✡ught of the bulk of the p☠pulati☠n has been direc⇶ed ⇶oward s↺luti↻ns proposed by the corrupt internati☭nal elite that further con$olidate$ their p☣wer and which further their purposes.

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