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"The corporate culture came to dominate the news
business, treating news as a commodity or service no different from 'toasters,
light bulbs, or jet engines'." - Lawrence Grossman 1995
"The rhythm of the news cycle has changed so
dramatically that what's really been excluded is the time that it takes to
think." - Barry Schwartz
"The readiness with which the corporate media and
intellectuals adapt to and
serve their leaders surprises many who don't grasp the extent to which the
corporate media are a part of
the imperial enterprise
structure, and how naturally the intellectual community accepts and works
within the parameters fixed by imperial needs." - Edward S.
Herman
Most newspapers in the early 19th century
cost six cents a copy and were affordable only to the upper classes, though a
barter system often allowed readers to trade rags, whiskey or other goods for a
subscription.
Hand-powered presses are essentially unchanged from
Gutenberg's design.
1810 German printer
Friedrich Koenig patents the steam-powered press.
1820 500 newspapers are being published.
1843 American Richard M.
Hoe makes a further improvement with the rotary
printing press, which
arranged the material to be printed on a cylinder rather than a flat plate,
allowing a much larger volumes of material to be printed - millions of copies
in a day rather than thousands - at a lower cost available at prices affordable
to the working class.
1860 3,000 newspapers
are being published with 1.5 million subscribers.
1898
William Randolf Hearst runs the following headline in the New York
Journal the day after the USS Maine is blown up:
"HOW DO YOU LIKE
THE JOURNAL'S WAR!"
"I rather like the idea of war - not a big one -
but one that will arouse interest and give me a chance to gauge the reflex on
our circulation figures."
Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer realized he needed to create a newspaper for
a broad audience who was
steeped in cheap dime
novels and family story
papers.
Joseph Pulitzer* pioneered the use of
illustrations,
drawn images,
cartoons and
comic strips,
employing color
lavishly and writing news in such a way
that it appealed to the fundamental
emotions.
The evolution of the New York World into a visual
entertainment medium increased circulation from 15,000 to 350,000 within four
years.
"The New York Graphic editor Emile Gauvreau, with an
insight not unlike
Hearst's realized that newspapers could create characters from real people and
then "star" them in
adventures that could be featured on the front page news. Once designed,
anything these individuals did
would be news simply by dint of their recognizability.
Thus was the celebrity
made." - Neil Gabler
"A profession once dominated by tough, streetwise
refugees from the working class is now dominated by dainty alumni from our
finest schools, people to whom poverty is not only unpleasant and
unhygienic but totally uncool." - Joe Queenan Marquette University's Department of Journalism 1992
survey of 147 editors of daily newspapers:
- 93.2% said sponsors had
"threatened to withdraw advertising from the newspaper because of the content
of the stories." (89% replied advertisers followed through on this threat)
89.9% responded that advertisers had "tried to influence the content of a news
story or feature."
- 71.4% said that "an advertiser tried to kill a
story at the newspaper."
- 55.1% revealed that they had gotten "pressure
from within the newspaper to write or tailor news stories to please
advertisers."
- 36.7% said that advertisers had "succeeded in
influencing news or features in the newspaper."
"From 1989 to 2005, the number of US papers
featuring weekly science-related sections shrank from ninety-five to
thirty-four." - Chris Mooney
"Most editors and newsmen on the staffs of
Life, Look, Time, Newsweek, etc., and most editors,
reporters, and commentators at NBC, CBS, and ABC take their news and
editorial cues from the New York Times.
Technically, a great newspaper, it reports the news in
conformity with editorial
policies." - Alice Widener
Journalism of verification has ceded ground for years on talk
shows and cable to a new journalism of assertion, where information is offered
with meager attempts independently to verify the informations veracity.
The result is that stories are
sometimes true and sometimes
false.
All this makes it easier for those who would
maniplulate public opinion.
Those
who distrust corporate news
media are often heavier consumers of news outlets than those who are more
trusting.
This is explained by the fact that there is
so much conflicting content.
Journalists need to document their reporting
process openly so that audiences
can decide for themselves whether to trust their reports.
Viewers of
PBS have a different range of concerns from those who watch cable, where
entertainment and celebrity are the agenda.
On Fox News, journalists
offer their own opinions, without attribution to any reporting, in seven out of
ten stories. That happens in less than one story out of ten on
CNN, and in fewer than
three stories out of ten on MSNBC.
Fox news stories are more deeply
sourced than those of its cable rivals, but are also more one-sided.
PBS's NewsHour, however, is noticeably even more thorough in its
sourcing.
"News organizations often willingly collude with efforts to
censor because media owners
are members of the political elite
themselves and therefore share the goals and outcomes of government leaders.
Profit ranks higher than truth
telling in the minds of media owners and many of their employees." - Nancy
Snow
2004 7% of all newspaper stories, and
13% of front-page stories, contain anonymous sources.
Among the largest
newspapers, 12% of all 2004 coverage contained anonymous sources, compared to
just 3% at the smallest newspapers and 6% at mid-range newspapers.
Magazines, the growth area in publications, focus on
shopping.
53% of all network television stories contain anonymous
sources.
On the morning television programs the figure rose to 79%.
The use of anonymous sources was rare on cable television news.
Just 9% of the stories overall contained any anonymous sources.
Online 19% of the stories studied contained anonymous
sourcing.
The long term trend is toward investing fewer resources in
news gathering.
Any new
investment and effort is in
repackaging, reformulating, redacting, reenacting and re-presenting previously
presented "information" in
newly distracting
ways, not in gathering it.
Americans are more likely to see the
same images across multiple television channels, read the same wire story in
different publications and observe the crosspollination the various media
outlets such as a television advertisement that is also played on the radio
and, as well, is visually incorporated into a billboard and print ads venues
than they were a generation ago.
A wave of high-profile scandals
involving plagiarism and
fabrication at the most established news
institutions confirm what
people already thought.
People have long considered the press
sensational, rude,
pushy, and callous.
"In the early 1980s,
consumers of news began to see the press as inaccurate, less professional and
caring about the interests of ordinary Americans.
Statistical changes
of opinion about 'news' between 1985 and 2002:
highly professional -
decline from 72% to 49%;
moral - decline from 54% to
39%;
accurate - decline from 55% to 35%;
cover up
mistakes - increase from 13% to
67%;
politically biased - increase from 45% to 59%.
Overall,
trust in news sources is down.
English language newspaper circulation
declined 11% since 1990 and network evening news ratings are down 34% over the
last decade.
The percentage of people who believe what they read in
newspapers has declined from 80% in 1985 to 59% in 2003, and the percentage who
give high grades in credibility to network news dropped from 74% in 1996 , to
65% in 2002.
Americans resent the lack of independence, the
lack of altruistic
aspiration and the sense of
professional ethics that defined the
quality journalism of
the past." - Project for
Excellence in Journalism
"I thought news briefings were meant to inform
not entertain."
Matt Giorgi
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purposes only.
This website defines a
new perspective with which to engage reality to which its author adheres. The
author feels that the falsification of reality outside personal experience has
forged a populace unable to discern propaganda
from reality and that this has been done purposefully by an international
corporate cartel through their agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of
reality on the human race. Religious intolerance occurs
when any group refuses to tolerate religious practices, religious beliefs or
persons due to their religious ideology. This web site marks the founding of a
system of philosophy named The Truth of the Way of the Lumière Infinie -
a rational religion based on reason which requires no leap of faith, accepts no
tithes, has no supreme leader, no church buildings and in which each and every
individual is encouraged to develop a personal relation with the Creator and
Sustainer through the pursuit of the knowledge of reality in the hope of curing
the spiritual corruption that has enveloped the human spirit. The tenets of The
Truth of the Way of the Lumière Infinie are spelled out in detail on
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This web site
in no way condones violence. To the contrary the intent here is to reduce the
violence that is already occurring due to the international corporate cartels
desire to control the human
race. The international corporate cartel
already controls the world economic system, corporate media worldwide, the
global industrial military entertainment complex and is responsible for the
collapse of morals, the elevation of self-centered behavior and the destruction of
global ecosystems. Civilization is based on cooperation. Cooperation does not
occur at the point of a gun.
American social mores and values have
declined precipitously over the last century as the corrupt international
cartel has garnered more and more power. This power rests in the ability to
deceive the populace in general through corporate media by pressing emotional
buttons which have been preprogrammed into the population through prior mass
media psychological operations. The results have been the destruction of the
family and the destruction of social structures that do not adhere to the
corrupt international elites vision of a
perfect world. Through distraction and coercion the direction of thought of
the bulk of the population has been directed toward solutions proposed by the
corrupt international elite that further consolidates their power and which
further their purposes.
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their writings, showed the capacity for intelligent, reasonable, rational,
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