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brain alteration through branding
"People actually remember few ads. Yet commercials
have an effect nonetheless. Even if they fail to sell a particular product,
they sell consumerism itself by ceaselessly reiterating the idea that there is
a product to solve each of life's problems, indeed that existence would be
satisfying and complete if only we bought the right things." - Alan Durning
In a study conducted in 2007 to see if branding
affected preschoolers the children were given identical food: one was branded
McDonald's, the other was presented in unmarked wrappers. Three quarters of the
children thought the McDonald's branded
food tasted better.
"Advertisers have tried to do exactly what this
study is talking about - to brand younger and younger children, to instill in
them an almost obsessional desire
for a particular brand-name product." - Dr. Victor Strasburger, American
Academy of Pediatrics To find
profit in so many similar items,
marketers must brand a
product on a buyer's
mind.
Such efforts put the average
American adult in the cross hairs of as
many as 3,000 advertising messages a
day, five times more than two decades
ago. Children are exposed to 40,000
advertisements every year. By
the age of 18 months, they can recognize logos. By 10, they have memorized 300
to 400 brand logos. The average adult can recognize thousands of brand logos.
Many seemingly rational
decisions are reflexive snap judgments,
shaped by networks of neurons acting in concert.
These orchestras of cells are surprisingly malleable,
readily responding to the influence of experience. The inescapable
influence of
marketing does more than
change minds.
Brand
marketing physically alters the
brain
structure.
Just as practicing the piano or learning to
read can physically alter areas of
the cerebral cortex, the intense, repetitive stimulation of
marketing shapes susceptible
brain circuits involved in
decision-making.
"We are
embedded in an enormous sea of
cultural messages, the
neural influences of which we
poorly understand. We are
beginning to
understand the
way in which messages can gain
control over
our behavior." - neuroscientist Read Montague,
director of the Human Neuroimaging
Laboratory at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston.
While
monitoring brain activity directly
researchers make inquiries into
consumer choice by harnessing
techniques pioneered for medical diagnosis: positron emission tomography, which
measures the brain's
chemical activity; magnetic-resonance
imagery, which measures the
brain's magnetic fields; and functional
magnetic resonance imaging, which measures
blood flow around
working neurons.
"This is
a way of prying open the box and
seeing what is inside," said psychologist
Jonathan Cohen, director of Princeton University's Center for the Study of
Brain, Mind & Behavior.
In the
mind's eye, celebrities trigger many of the same
circuits as images of
shoes,
cars,
chairs,
wristwatches,
sunglasses,
handbags and
water bottles.
Objects and
celebrity faces were reduced to a
common denominator: a spasm of synapses in
a part of the cortex called Brodmann's area 10, a region associated with a
sense of identity and social image. None of these
neural responses come
consciously to
mind when a shopper is browsing brand
labels.
Much of what was
traditionally
considered the product of
logic and deliberation is actually driven
by primitive brain
systems responsible for automatic
emotional response processes that evolved
to manage conflicts between
sex, hunger, thirst and the
other
elemental appetites of
survival.
In recent years,
researchers have discovered that
regions such as the amygdala, the hippocampus and the hypothalamus are dynamic
switchboards that blend memory,
emotions and biochemical triggers.
These interconnected neurons
shape the ways that
fear,
panic,
exhilaration and
social pressure influence the choices
humans make.
Political beliefs trigger the same malleable circuits
of reward, identity,
desire and
threat that
product branding does.
Lattices of neurons are linked by pathways forged, then continually
revised, by experience.
So
intimate is this feedback that there is no
way to
separate the brain's
neural
structure from the
influence of the world that surrounds it.
As researchers have
learned to map the anatomy of behavior they have
realized that the
brain shaped by the interplay of genes and
environment is more malleable
than anyone had guessed.
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