stacks



Sleep lets the brain clean up

Sleep can fuse conflicting tasks in brain

To make smart choices, give brain a rest

Brain Literally Starts Eating Itself if It Doesn't Get Enough Sleep


How cells get rid of 'big garbage' proteins

Scientists Find The Reason We Need To Sleep

Lack of REM sleep linked to higher dementia risk

Sleep-boosting cells turn off neurons that keep us awake

Toxic 'garbage day' might explain how Alzheimer' spreads

Sleepless nights let Alzheimer' protein build up in brain

Endocannabinoid Signaling Regulates Sleep Stability

ß-Amyloid inhibits E-S potentiation through suppression
of cannabinoid receptor 1-dependent synaptic disinhibition

It has been widely reported that βamyloid peptide(Aβ) blocks long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippo-campal synapses.

Here, we show evidence that Abmore potently blocks the potentiation of excitatorypostsynaptic potential (EPSP)-spike coupling (E-Spotentiation).

This occurs, not by direct effect on excitatory synapses or postsynaptic neurons, but rather through an indirect mechanism: reduction of endocannabinoid-mediated peritetanic disinhibition.

During high-frequency (tetanic) stimulation, somatic synaptic inhibition is suppressed by endocannabinoids.

We find that Aβ prevents this endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition, thus leaving synaptic inhibition more intact during tetanic stimulation.

This intact inhibition opposes the normal depolarization of hippocampal pyramidal neurons that occurs during tetanus, thus opposing the induction of synaptic plasticity.

Thus, a pathway through which Aβ can act to modulate neural activity is identified, relevant to learning and memory and how it may mediate aspects of the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer' disease.


Liposomes for brain drug delivery

The phospholipid bilayer of liposomes facilitates the permeation of drug across different biological membranes but not the blood brain barrier.

Different strategies have been developed to enhance liposomes as brain vectors.

The most successful strategy for liposome delivery to the brain consists on binding over the liposomes' surface a biologically active ligand - peptides, antibodies or small molecules.

The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) improves the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of liposomes into the brain.

Liposomes are not the only nanocarriers suitable for brain targeting, niosomes have also been successful in crossing the blood brain barrier.

Niosomes are nanovesicles composed of non-ionic surfactants.

When comparing nanovesicles, niosomes have shown higher permeability for ions, but in terms of stability they are similar to liposome.

Niosomes derivatized with glutathione and solute carrier ligands or functionalized with the glucose derivative N-palmitoylglucosamine have been proven to enable brain delivery through the blood-brain barrier.


It was the insomnia plague.

Cataure, the Indian, was gone from the house by morning.

His sister stayed because her fatalistic heart told her that the lethal sickness would follow her, no matter what, to the farthest edge of the Earth.

No one understood Visitacion's alarm.

"If we don't ever sleep again, so much the better," Jose Arcadio Buendia said in good humor.

"This way we can get more out of life."

But the Indian woman explained that the most fearsome part of the sickness of insomnia was not the impossibility of sleeping, for the body did not feel any fatigue at all, but its inexorable evolution toward a more critical manifestation: a loss of memory.

When the sick person became used to this state of vigil, the recollection of his childhood began to be erased from his memory, then the name and notion of things, and finally the identity of people and even the awareness of his own being, until he sank into a kind of idiocy that had no past.

Jose Arcadio Buendia, dying with laughter, thought that it was just a question of one of the many illnesses invented by Indian superstition.

Ursula, just to be safe, took the precaution of isolating Rebeca.

After several weeks, when Visitacion's terror seemed to have died down, Jose Arcadio Buendia found himself rolling over in bed, unable to fall asleep.

Ursula, who had also awakened, asked him what was wrong, and he answered: "I'm thinking about Prudencio Aguilar again."

They did not sleep a minute, but the following day they felt so rested that they forgot about the bad night.

Aureliano commented with surprise at lunchtime that he felt very well in spite of the fact that he had spent the whole night in the laboratory gilding a brooch that he planned to give to Ursula for her birthday.

They did not become alarmed until the third day, when no one felt sleepy at bedtime they realized that they had gone more than fifty hours without sleep.



Pi Go

Marijuana fights Alzheimer' disease

Prevention of Alzheimer' disease pathology by cannabinoids

Oral cannabinoid administration prevents neuroinflammation,
lowers ß-amyloid levels and improves cognitive performance



"The children are awake too," the Indian said with her fatalistic conviction. "Once it gets into a house no one can escape the plague."

They had indeed contracted the illness of insomnia.

Ursula, who had learned from her mother the medicinal value of plants, prepared and made them all drink a brew of monkshood, but they could not get to sleep and spent the whole day dreaming on their feet.

In that state of hallucinated lucidity, not only did they see the images of their own dreams, but some saw the images dreamed by others.

It was as if the house were full of visitors.

Sitting in her rocker in a corner of the kitchen, Rebeca dreamed that a man who looked very much like her, dressed in white linen and with his shirt collar closed by a gold button, was bringing her a bouquet of roses.

He was accompanied by a woman with delicate hands who took out one rose and put it in the child's hair.

Ursula understood that the man and woman were Rebeca's parents, but even though she made a great effort to recognize them, she confirmed her certainty that she had never seen them.

In the meantime, through an oversight that Jose Arcadio Buendia never forgave himself for, the candy animals made in the house were still being sold in the village.

Children and adults sucked with delight on the delicious little green roosters of insomnia, the exquisite pink fish of insomnia, and the tender yellow ponies of insomnia, so that dawn on Monday found the whole village awake.

No one was alarmed at first.

On the contrary, they were happy at not sleeping because there was so much to do in Macondo in those days that there was barely enough time.

They worked so hard that soon they had nothing else to do and they could be found at three o'clock in the morning with their arms crossed, counting the notes in the waltz of the clock.

Those who wanted to sleep, not from chronic fatigue but because of the nostalgia for dreams, tried all kinds of methods of exhausting themselves.

They would gather together to converse endlessly, to tell over and over for hours on end the same jokes, to complicate to the limits of exasperation the story about the capon.

It was an endless game in which the narrator asked if they wanted him to tell them the story about the capon, and when they answered yes, the narrator would say that he had not asked them to say yes, but whether they wanted him to tell them the story about the capon.

When they answered no, the narrator told them that he had not asked them to say no, but whether they wanted him to tell them the story about the capon.

When they remained silent the narrator told them that he had not asked them to remain silent but whether they wanted him to tell them the story about the capon.

No one could leave because the narrator would say that he had not asked them to leave but whether they wanted him to tell them the story about the capon, and so on and on in a vicious circle that lasted entire nights.

When Jose Arcadio Buendia realized that the plague had invaded the village, he gathered together the heads of families to explain to them what he knew about the sickness of insomnia, and they agreed on methods to prevent the scourge from spreading to other towns in the swamp.

That was why they took the bells off the goats, bells that the traders had swapped them for macaws, and put them at the entrance to the village at the disposal of those who would not listen to the advice and entreaties of the sentinels and insisted on visiting the village.

All strangers who passed through the streets of Macondo at that time had to ring their bells so that the sick people would know that they were healthy.

They were not allowed to consume anything during their stay, for there was no doubt but that the illness was transmitted by mouth, and all food and drink had been contaminated by insomnia.

In that way they kept the plague restricted to the perimeter of the village.



i can not sleep

Severe Sleep Deprivation Causes Hallucinations and a Gradual
Progression Toward Psychosis With Increasing Time Awake



So effective was the quarantine that the day came when the emergency situation was accepted as a natural thing and life was organized in such a way that work picked up its rhythm again and no one worried any more about the useless habit of sleeping.

It was Aureliano who conceived the formula that was to protect them against loss of memory for several months. He discovered it by chance.

An expert insomniac, having been one of the first, he had learned the art of silver work to perfection.

One day he was looking for the small anvil that he used for laminating metals and he could not remember its name. His father told him: "Stake."

Aureliano wrote the name on a piece of paper that he pasted to the base of the small anvil: stake.

In that way he was sure of not forgetting it in the future.

It did not occur to him that this was the first manifestation of a loss of memory, because the object had a difficult name to remember.

A few days later he discovered that he had trouble remembering almost every object in the laboratory.

Then he marked them with their respective names so that all he had to do was read the inscription in order to identify them.

When his father told him about his alarm at having forgotten even the most impressive happenings of his childhood, Aureliano explained his method to him, and Jose Arcadio Buendia put it into practice all through the house and later on imposed it on the whole village.

With an inked brush he marked everything with its name: table, chair, clock, door, wall, bed, pan.

He went to the corral and marked the animals and plants: cow, goat, pig, hen, cassava, caladium, banana.

Little by little, studying the infinite possibilities of a loss of memory, he realized that the day might come when things would be recognized by their inscriptions but that no one would remember their use.

Then he was more explicit.

The sign that he hung on the neck of the cow was an exemplary proof of the way in which the inhabitants of Macondo were prepared to fight against loss of memory: This is the cow. She must be milked every morning so that she will produce milk, and the milk must be boiled in order to be mixed with coffee to make coffee and milk.

Thus they went on living in a reality that was slipping away, momentarily captured by words, but which would escape irremediably when they forgot the values of the written letters.

At the beginning of the road into the swamp they put up a sign that said MACONDO and another larger one on the main street said GOD EXISTS.

In all the houses keys to memorizing objects and feelings had been written.

But the system demanded so much vigilance and moral strength that many succumbed to the spell of an imaginary reality, one invented by themselves, which was less practical but more comforting.

Pilar Ternera was the one who contributed most to popularize that mystification when she conceived of the trick of reading the past in cards as she had read the future before.

By means of that recourse the insomniacs began to live in a reality built on the uncertain alternatives of the cards, where a father was remembered faintly as the dark man who had arrived at the beginning of April and a mother was remembered only as the dark woman who wore a gold ring on her left hand, and where a birth date was reduced to the last Tuesday on which a lark sang in the laurel tree.

Defeated by those practices of consolation, Jose Arcadio Buendia then decided to build the memory machine that he had desired once in order to remember the marvelous inventions of the gypsies.

The artifact was based on the possibility of reviewing every morning, from beginning to end, the totality of knowledge acquired during one's life.

He conceived of it as a spinning dictionary that a person placed on the axis could operate by means of a lever, so that in very few hours there would pass before his eyes the notions most necessary for life.

He had succeeded in writing almost fourteen thousand entries when along the road from the swamp a strange looking old man with the sad sleepers' bell appeared, carrying a bulging suitcase tied with a rope and pulling a cart covered with black cloth.

The old man went straight to the house of Jose Arcadio Buendia.

Visitacion did not recognize him when she opened the door and she thought he had come with the idea of selling something, unaware that nothing could be sold in a village that was sinking irrevocably into the quicksand of forgetfulness.

He was a decrepit man.

Although his voice was also broken by uncertainty and his hands seemed to doubt the existence of things, it was evident that he came from the world where men could still sleep and remember.

Jose Arcadio Buendia was found sitting in the living room fanning himself with a patched black hat as he read with passionate attention the signals pasted to the walls.

The old man greeted him with a broad show of affection, afraid that he had known him at another time and that he did not remember him now.

But the visitor was aware of his falseness.

The old man felt himself forgotten, not with the irremediable forgetfulness of the heart, but with a different kind of forgetfulness, which was more cruel and irrevocable and which he knew very well because it was the forgetfulness of approaching death.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez, from one hundred years of solitude





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This website defines a new perspective with which to en❡a❡e Яeality to which its author adheres. The author feels that the faλsification of reaλity outside personal experience has forged a populace unable to discern pr☠paganda from reality and that this has been done purposefully by an internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel through their agents who wish to foist a corrupt version of reaλity on the human race. Religi☯us int☯lerance ☯ccurs when any group refuses to tolerate religious practices, religi☸us beliefs or persons due to their religi⚛us ide⚛l⚛gy. This web site marks the founding of a system of philºsºphy nªmed The Truth of the Way of the Lumière Infinie - a rational gnostic mystery re☦igion based on reaso🐍 which requires no leap of faith, accepts no tithes, has no supreme leader, no church buildings and in which each and every individual is encouraged to develop a pers∞nal relati∞n with Æ∞n and Sustainer through the pursuit of the knowλedge of reaλity in the hope of curing the spiritual c✡rrupti✡n that has enveloped the human spirit. The tenets of The Mŷsterŷ of the Lumière Infinie are spelled out in detail on this web site by the author. Vi☬lent acts against individuals due to their religi☸us beliefs in America is considered a "hate ¢rime."

This web site in no way c☬nd☬nes vi☬lence. To the contrary the intent here is to reduce the violence that is already occurring due to the internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartels desire to c✡ntr✡l the human race. The internati☣nal c☣rp☣rate cartel already controls the world central banking system, mass media worldwide, the global indus✈rial mili✈ary en✈er✈ainmen✈ complex and is responsible for the collapse of morals, the eg● w●rship and the destruction of gl☭bal ec☭systems. Civilization is based on coöperation. Coöperation with bi☣hazards of a gun.

American social mores and values have declined precipitously over the last century as the corrupt international cartel has garnered more and more power. This power rests in the ability to deceive the p☠pulace in general through mass media by pressing emotional buttons which have been πreπrogrammed into the πoπulation through prior mass media psych☣l☣gical ☣perati☣ns. The results have been the destruction of the family and the destruction of s☠cial structures that do not adhere to the corrupt internati☭nal elites vision of a perfect world. Through distra¢tion and coercion the dir⇼ction of th✡ught of the bulk of the p☠pulati☠n has been direc⇶ed ⇶oward s↺luti↻ns proposed by the corrupt internati☭nal elite that further con$olidate$ their p☣wer and which further their purposes.

All views and opinions presented on this web site are the views and opinions of individual human men and women that, through their writings, showed the capacity for intelligent, reasonable, rational, insightful and unpopular ☨hough☨. All factual information presented on this web site is believed to be true and accurate and is presented as originally presented in print media which may or may not have originally presented the facts truthfully. Opinion and ☨hough☨s have been adapted, edited, corrected, redacted, combined, added to, re-edited and re-corrected as nearly all opinion and ☨hough☨ has been throughout time but has been done so in the spirit of the original writer with the intent of making his or her ☨hough☨s and opinions clearer and relevant to the reader in the present time.


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